The Balkan Of World History - 1518 Words

If one was to ask the experienced historian Andrew Watchtel, author of the book â€Å"The Balkan in World History†, about the most peculiar aspect of East Central Europe, odds are, he would refer to its cultural layering. Watchtel use the term cultural layering to define the collage of cultures that have fused over time in this region. This cultural layering found in East Central Europe is reflected more evidently with the infrastructure, language roots, and religion of the Balkan area. The Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman empires were the ones that for diverse reasons left a more lasting impression in this area. To be more specific, by means of architecture, the province of Plovdiv, Bulgaria is the perfect example on how these three empires left†¦show more content†¦At last, the Roman set the Danube River as the empire’s limit or natural divisor from the northern European unconquered territories by building limes or fortified borders. As Rome added new provinces to the empire set Greek as the official language of the Eastern part and built infrastructure throughout the region. Before incorporating the Balkan Region into the empire, Latin was the only official language in the empire. However, the language used in the Balkans area was mostly Greek, so Romans decided set Greekas the the official language of the Eastern part of the empire. Jean Sedlar, author of the book, East Central European in Middle Ages, estimated that one reason of doing so may be because the Romans admired for the Greek civilization (Bideleux and Jeffries 1998, 42). Moreover, his conjecture may be correct, due to the fact that the Roman culture was based on Greek background. Therefore, most of the Eastern part of the empire used Greek as the official language, but the Dacia province was the exception where the Romanian developed, a romance or Latin derived language. One of the myriads of examples of Roman architecture can be reflected with the Plovdiv Aqueduct located in present day Plovdiv, Bulgaria or the Ancient Roman province of Thracia. Secondly, the Byzantine Empire, also referred as the Eastern Roman Empire expanded to parts of Eastern Central Europe as a measure of gaining control over the Holy Roman Empire. Byzantium was

The Realism Theory Of The War On Afghanistan - 1648 Words

There are, however, aspects that disqualify the realism theory in examining the War in Afghanistan. For example, realism explicitly applies to relations between nations and consequently, war between countries. This was not the case, since the war did and still does not involve conflict between America and Afghanistan. Rather the war was between America and the Taliban government that supported the infamous terror group, al Qaeda. For this reason, realist theory does not explain this highly controversial war. Another aspect that contravenes realism as an appropriate theoretical approach to understanding the War in Afghanistan is that fact that, America toppled the Taliban government within its first few months of the invasion. Realism cannot, as a result, explain why American troops and those of allied forces have not yet been pulled out of Afghanistan more than a decade after war started (Bird and Marshall 37). Another principal attribute that disqualifies realism in debunking the Afghanistan War is the fact that America made concerted efforts to gain support from the United Nations (UN) before commencing the invasion. This contravenes the assertion put forth by the realist theory that, a nation does not take the international system or organization into consideration when taking actions directed towards safeguarding its survival. The autonomous action stipulated in realism is particularly essential when a state is threatened and cannot afford to trust other nations. InShow MoreRelatedRealism And The Cold War843 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Realism? Realism is defined in the book as a school of thought that explains international relations in terms of power. This basically means that realism is a political view on global issues that puts stress on both the conflict side and the competition side in the scenarios. â€Å"Realists tend to treat political power as separate from, and predomi nant over, morality, ideology, and other social and economic aspects of life† (Goldstein 44). Now after learning all this information about realismRead MoreLiberalism And The United Nations878 Words   |  4 Pagesprojection of how international relations ought to be; now, liberalism is a modern theory towards peace attained with a state’s ambition for dominance. â€Å"Self-interest† has two definitions in accordance to liberalism and realism. Liberalism considers the measure of power within states through stable economies, the possibility of peace and cooperation, as well as the concepts of political freedoms (human rights). Realism believes states are driven by competitive self-interest; international organizationsRead MoreRealism And The Theory Of Realism1939 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The idea of Realism was unofficially was created in fifth century BC by Thucydides, and continued through Niccolo Machiavelli. This lead to the first official IR theory of realism in Thomas Hobbes, amd Hans Morgenthau, known as Classical Realist. From there Classical Realism evolved to the ideas of Kenneth Waltz, which brought along the ideas of neo-realism or structural realism theory. Then came offensive, defensive, and neoclassical realism. Overall the main idea of realism is defined by internationalrelationsRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Policies916 Words   |  4 Pagesin tune with the current international system and one that focuses on a foreign policy based on realism instead of a foreign policy based on idealism. In the following, I will look at the foreign policies of the current presidential candidates and I will discuss which policies are in tune with the current international system and which ones are out of tune with reality.†¨ Political realism is a theory of political philosophy that tries to explain political relations. It takes the assumption thatRead MorePower, Realism And Constructivism. Hoboken : Taylor And Francis920 Words   |  4 Pages (450)First Annotated Bibliography: Guzzini, Stefano. 2013. Power, Realism And Constructivism. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Guzzini (2013) defines the important features of international relations theories, which define the underscoring themes of â€Å"realism† as a dominant type of political methodology for American imperialism. Realism is a theory that relies heavily on the notion of self-interested and fear-based notions of protecting national interests, which the United States has utilized throughRead MoreThe Cold War And Initiation Of Neoliberalism Essay900 Words   |  4 Pagesframeworks including realism, liberalism, and idealism; furthermore, each has emerged into new schools of thought after the conclusion of the Cold War. The liberal school of thought has inherited many developments and new features since 1989. The ending of the Cold War and initiation of neoliberalism was expected to lead to a decline in conflict and result in a cooperating international system under the anarchic system. In addition, to the new features of liberalism, new features of realism (neorealism)Read MoreThe R ealist Theory Of The World Operates Within A State Of Anarchy1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe realist theory has been prevalent in history for much time, displaying its prominence ubiquitously in international relations. The realistic theory which has been examined and supported by philosophers such as Hans Morgenthau and Thomas Hobbes, concludes that the world operates within a state of anarchy. The states tend to strive and pursue for their own benefit and the primary objective for the states is survival and power. Therefore, an accumulation of resources and military is vital. MuchRead MoreThe United States Military Operations1694 Words   |  7 PagesUnited State (U.S) in Afghanistan was not justified considering soldiers and civilian’s causalities, the waste of time and equally so the mismanagement of resources. As a result, there are stupendous argument or proof to support these facts contradictorily; there are even stronger and amazing points of view that support the ju stifications of military presence by the U.S. in Afghanistan. The main reasons for the military operation by the U.S. in Afghanistan were to fight the â€Å"war on terror† and to weakeningRead MoreCompare and Assess the Three Alternative Theoretical Approaches to International Relations (Realism, Institutionalism, State-Society Approaches) in Terms of Their Ability to Explain Outcomes in the Issue-Area of War.1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of war and peace has become an increasingly important area concerning international relations over the past decade. Wars varying from Russia’s invasion of Georgia, to the United States involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan placed war on top of international politics agenda. These wars, along with all other wars, are started for various reasons, which different international relations theories try to identify. Theories such as realism or institutionalism may have severely different views onRead MoreU.s. Unilateralism And Military Intervention Throughout The World901 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Realism as a theoretical international relations approach to the problem of U.S. unilateralism and military intervention throughout the world. An exanimation of the post-9/11 era of the Bush Doctrine will define the premise of â€Å"realism† as a valid international relations theory that defines the unilateral invasion of Iraq in 2003. This aspect of the Bush Administrations use of military intervention in the 2000s has continued to expand under the Obama Administration. The theory of realism is based

Human Nature Free Essays

Ryan GoldrickMs. Willis/Period 7 September 21,2009Human Nature Essay Human Nature In the Anthology the authors wrote about many different complex characters. These characters showed great examples of human nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Nature or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my opinion, three of the best stories in the Anthology that had examples of human nature are How it Feels to be Colored Me, by Zora Hurston, The Necklace, by Guy de Maupassant, and The Rose that Grew from Concrete, by Tupac Shakur. These stories show how humans have different characteristics. These characteristics are determination, intolerance, and the need to have more than what they have. Zora Hurston, in How it Feels to be Colored Me shows how humans can be extremely intolerant. â€Å"Someone is always at my elbow reminding me that I am the granddaughter of slaves. † This quote shows that humans are intolerant because she is picked on only because she is black and living in a white neighborhood. This quote is also saying that when ever Zora is feeling good about herself there will always be someone to put her back down. In my opinion being intolerant is a negative characteristic of a human’s nature. In The Necklace, Guy de Maupassant describes how humans always want more then they need or can have. â€Å"She had no dresses, no jewelry, nothing. And she loved nothing else; she felt herself made for that only. † In the previous quote she is obsessed with items that she can not afford to have. This shows that no matter how many accessories a human has there will always be something else that they want. In The Rose That Grew from Concrete, Tupac Shakur uses metaphors as an example of how humans can be tenacious and determined. â€Å"Did you hear about the rose that grew from a crack in the concrete? Proving nature’s laws wrong it learned 2 walk without having feet. † In that quote the author uses a metaphor to show how humans are determined to learn more. This quote is determination because it seems impossible for a rose to walk, yet the rose still strived to learn how to walk and achieved its goal. Without etermination to learn and invent new things humans would not be where they are today. To sum it up, the stories that we have read and discussed, How it Feels to be Colored Me, The Necklace, and The Rose that Grew from Concrete, revealed a variety of different characteristics that are part of human nature. Three of the main characteristics of a human’s nature contained within the readings I chose are intolerance, determination, and the need to have more than they are able to have. All in All, these characteristics have an enormous effect on where we stand today as humans. How to cite Human Nature, Papers

Preventive Business Relations Contractual †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Preventive Business Relations Contractual? Answer: Introducation The issue in this problem deals with the deductibility of those expenditures, which occur at the end of business in general. The section answers to the query regarding the allowance of the taxpayer to receive deductions in the legal expenditures that are incurred after the termination of a business, in agreement with section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997[1]. Section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997[2] Taxation Income ID 2003/210 Placer Pacific Management Pty Ltd v. FC of T95 ATC 4459; (1995) 31 ATR 253 AGC (Advances) Ltd v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation(1975) The Taxation Income ID 2003/210, has the imperative decisions included in it, which deals with the deductions entitlements regarding the legal expenditures which occurs at the termination of any kind of business activities, which are stated under section 8-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997[3]. According to the taxation ruling, defined under the concerned section, the taxpayers should be entitled to receive allowable deductions in the legal expenses, which they incur at the end of their business activities, because the expenses are occurring after the termination of the business activities[4]. In the concerned case study, the taxpayer taken to be Waterside Pty Ltd operated a shipbuilding business in Brisbane, which they decided to stop shortly before the Christmas. The reason behind their cessation of their business activities is the onset of a recessionary situation. The new company, Waterside Investment Private Limited was formed shortly after the disposal of the previous assets. The new company compensated the workers for settlement after the parent company winded up. The case of the Placer Pacific Management Pty Ltd v. FC of T95 ATC 4459; (1995) 31 ATR 253, shows that the taxpayer involved in this case was a conveyor belt produces, who decided to sell the business to another party. The contract being of selling a portion, the company still handled the repairing activities, which originated from the system set up before the company was sold to another party[5]. The Federal Court referred to the verdict that was passed in the case of AGC (Advances) Ltd v. Federal Commissioner of Taxation(1975), to consider the allowable deductions for legal expenditures and then the court passed the verdict collectively. In this scenario, the expenses, which occurred in the last part of the year, were not considered to be included in the issue of the deductibility entitlement[6]. In the present case, the claim for compensation was in the outgoing form after the wind up of the parent business. Therefore, as suggested under the subsection 8-1 of the ITAA 1997, the company, Waterside Investment Private Limited, should be eligible to claim the deductions for the compensations, which were done to settle the payments of the winded up company[7]. Conclusion: The legal expenditures, as seen in this scenario, shall be taken to be eligible to deductions as the expenditures were incurred for settling the claims for the cessation of the business of the parent company. References Alstadster, Annette, and Martin Jacob. "The effect of awareness and incentives on tax evasion." (2013). Anderson, Colin, and Catherine Brown. "Mind the Insolvency gap: Lessons to be learned from audit expectations gap theory."Insolvency Law Journal22.4 (2014): 178-191. ato.gov.au, 'Home Page' (Ato.gov.au, 2017) https://www.ato.gov.au/ accessed 13 September 2017 Braithwaite, Valerie, ed.Taxing democracy: Understanding tax avoidance and evasion. Routledge, 2017. Brown, Christine, and Kevin Davis. "Taxes, tenders and the design of Australian off?market share repurchases."Accounting Finance52.s1 (2012): 109-135. Figot, Bryce. "Self-managed super: Deductible personal contributions: A critical trap!."Professional Planner72 (2015): 32. Jorgensen, Ron. "Division 7A structuring: The contortionist revisited."Tax Specialist20.3 (2017): 118. King, Margot. "Offshore hubs: Developments in multinational corporate tax anti-avoidance."Australian Resources and Energy Law Journal35.2 (2016): 142. Law.ato.gov.au, 'ATO ID 2003/1027 - Whether A Foreign Government Can Be Characterised As A 'Company' Where It Owns An Australian Resident Company That Carries On Commercia [1] ato.gov.au, 'Home Page' (Ato.gov.au, 2017) https://www.ato.gov.au/ accessed 13 September 2017 [2] ato.gov.au, 'Home Page' (Ato.gov.au, 2017) https://www.ato.gov.au/ accessed 13 September 2017 [3] Law.ato.gov.au, 'ATO ID 2003/1027 - Whether A Foreign Government Can Be Characterised As A 'Company' Where It Owns An Australian Resident Company That Carries On Commercial Activities In Australia' (Law.ato.gov.au, 2017) https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=AID/AID20031027/00001 accessed 13 September 2017 [4] Lignier, Philip, and Chris Evans. "The rise and rise of tax compliance costs for the small business sector in Australia." (2012). [5] Somers, Renuka, and Ashleigh Eynaud. "A matter of trusts: The ATO's proposed treatment of unpaid present entitlements: Part 2."Taxation in Australia50.3 (2015): 147. [6] King, Margot. "Offshore hubs: Developments in multinational corporate tax anti-avoidance."Australian Resources and Energy Law Journal35.2 (2016): 142. [7] Brown, Christine, and Kevin Davis. "Taxes, tenders and the design of Australian off?market share repurchases."Accounting Finance52.s1 (2012): 109-135.